An Introduction To Distance Learning

An Introduction To Distance Learning Distance learning is a form of education which has been created with the aim of delivering education among those students who are not able to attend regular school due to various reasons. It can also be defined as a education system to create as well as offer access to learning in a situation where the source of education and learner are away from each other because of time and distance. In brief, we can say that distance learning is an ideal way to offer education of equal quality to meet the educational requirement of a learner outside the classroom. This method of education is being adopted by a huge number of universities and institutes around the world. If the status of distance learning is considered then we will find that though it is not as such very old phenomenon here but there is no doubt to the fact that it has been accepted wholeheartedly here and a great number of students in India are getting themselves enrolled for numerous course via distance learning. Roughly, we can count about 11 universities and about 54 institutions which are offering distance learning programs and the number is still on increase. Types of Technologies Used in Distance Education: One of the best ways to categorize the different types of distance education is by deciding whether the teacher and learner are present at the same time irrespective of the distance of time and place. In other words, when teaching and learning take place simultaneously, then this situation is termed as a synchronous which means at the same time. On the other hand, when the teacher and learner participate as per convenience of his time, then it is termed as an asynchronous situation which as the situation indicates means not at the same time. The term hybrid course is often used in distance learning programs. Actually, this term is the blend of both synchronous and asynchronous which means that it includes distance learning and face to face meeting as well. This situation is organized in a way that the teacher offers certain hours to his disciple where the latter is available at the same time by different means such as email, instant messages, telephone or video calling. Different Technologies Used in Synchronous Situation: Interactive Television: This method is often offered by the teacher and the student can join some nearest facility and be a part of a group using television as a means of connecting them. Web Conferencing: Here the learners make use of computers with web cam and microphone attached. In this technology, the teacher and the learner are not only able to see and talk with each other but they can also share documents as well. A good range of proprietary systems make it successful means of studying like Blackboard, WebCT, Adobe Connect and OnSync. Video Chat: It can be said as a shrink version of Web conferencing as it has fewer features available compared to the former. Different Technologies Used in Asynchronous Situation: In this situation, the teacher prepares his own time and the students take part in time when the time is suited to them. However, at times one has to be there within a specified time frame. This objective is achieved by using various means such as: There are certain online learning platforms like Ed2go where students are required to complete the work told and at times they have to perform self-assessment too. The teachers can be available via Ed2go but it is not so via all systems. Correspondence Courses: This method is in use before the other methods of distance education appeared in India. These courses can be done using email or Fax and also the postal service. But the idea remains same here too which is the work is completed by the student and sent to the teacher for assessment. Types of Distance Learning Courses: Internet conducted course which is based on ones choice for synchronous, asynchronous or Hybrid Broadcast Course: Here television or radio is used as means. Usually television programs are included into curriculum other than educational program which take place when the teacher and student are present face to face. For example: taped demo of the content etc. students are helped by the teachers and the project report are sent to the teachers. Courses Based on Internet: These types of courses are evolved in the internet environment using various means such as e-books, e-mail chats, asynchronous forums or mailing lists to name few. Moreover, the internet based courses can be easily blended with other distance learning courses mentioned above. Thus, we can conclude the distance learning courses in the under mentioned basic forms: Authors Course in Varying Topics Postgraduate Programs as well as Varying Staff Evolvement Programs University Course for Campus Students University Course meant for the students at the secondary and high school level Course in Specialized Fields Business Oriented Courses The Most Eligible Students for Distance Learning: Learners in different situations can take advantage of distance learning. Some fo these situations include: People who find it hard to leave home due to various reasons can be benefitted from distance education. It allows them to get the degree even in their confinement. Workers for those it is not possible to attend the local class which is scheduled for a fix time. By distance learning, they can arrange their timings are per their convenience. Home schoolers who though are enrolled in a school but who wish to increase their local opportunities by option for educational classes by taking the help of distance education. Distance learning is best for would-be students. It means students who live away from an institution offering t he course of their choice or in other words, the course/program they are willing to take is not offered by college or institution near their home. Even prisoners might be able to access to studies using different types of distance learning programs. Students who are not able to attend physical schools because of huge expense will also find it cheaper way to get their degree in distance learning. There are students who remain in search of just refresher on a specific subject but not complete course. Reasons to Opt for Distance Learning Education: Almost all students around the world are well-aware of the huge benefits of getting their studies done via distance learning. Some of the prominent benefits of distance learning include: Study is Not Restricted by Time and Place: Distance learning allows you to study wherever you wish. As we all know, internet is the basic need of todays education and it is an integral part of distance learning. So, if you have got internet connection then it means that the entire world is your classroom and your education objectives are no more restricted in geographical boundaries. You can study from your home or even office to as per your choice. No Time Restrictions: Similar to eddy where you wish, you can also study at any time whenever you find it convenient. Due to asynchronous learning, you can make use of your computers at any time of the day and have access to your study material that is in the form of videotaped lectures, research materials, chat rooms etc. it must not be amusing if you are able to get your Masters or even PhDs done via distance learning programs. Customization of College Degree as Per Ones Specific Needs: No doubt, education is very important but there are a huge number of students who have to juggle with other commitments too. Students who are working to meet these commitments such as caring for others or traveling frequently find it hard or almost impossible to join some local school or college with scheduled time. In addition to this, those who like to learn independently also find distance learning appealing. Someone-else can Pay on Your Behalf: Distance learning programs get more attractive when many employers are ready to pat a certain part or even all of their tuition fees. In this situation which better be termed as win-win situation, on one side employers are able to hire employees with increased knowledge or skill and employees are able to get higher degree without spending with a meager amount or no money at all and also are not required to reduce their working hours. Getting Degree Faster: Generally, it is possible to obtain degree faster in online course or programs compared to campus counterparts. It is due to the fact that online classes are often take place hurriedly and thus enabling one to finish their classes in less time. Also, if you have transferable credits in your favor from some other institution, you can easily make your course completion time via distance learning even lesser. Obviously, the faster you will have your degree in your hand; the chances will be more to grab a job or salary of your choice. Allow you to Build New Skills: It is certain that you get your degree via distance learning program; you must have to build certain skills which are needed to meet the requirements of distance learning programs. You are supposed to have a great deal of motivation, responsibility and making best of your time available. So, you get the skills like self-discipline and the ability to learn on your own and these skills thereafter transfer to your work place. In case, your course work is too be submitted through computers, then it will also result in your improved writing skills. Courses Offered in Distance Learning in India: The universities offering distance learning in India is administered by the Distance Education Council of India (DEC). This organization is based in the capital. The distance learning course offered in India can be divided under the number of disciplines such as Arts, Science and Commerce. Both undergraduates and post graduates can be pursued via distance learning programs in India in addition to numerous diploma courses. List of Undergraduate course which have been included in distance learning programs in India include: Bachelor of Arts (English, History, Psychology, Hindi, Sanskrit and Sociology) Bachelor of Commerce Bachelor of Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Zoology and Economics) Bachelor of Library Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) In addition to these courses, students can also get Advanced Diploma, Diploma, Post Graduate Diploma and Certificate Courses at a number of institutes offering the option of distance learning in Indian States. Indian States Offering Distance Learning Programs/Course: Some of the prominent Indian states which offer distance learning comprise New Delhi, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat just to name few. In real, often it is open universities that provide distance learning programs/courses. In addition to open universities in the country, there are other leading state universities which offer distance learning course. some of these universities comprise University of Delhi, University of Mumbai, Punjab University and Hyderabad University. Other universities also have separate department for distance education in Indian states. In upshot, it can be said that the trend of getting higher education or degrees is on increase day by day and it is expected to keep on going in future too with much more option available to the learners with more advanced technologies included in it. It is also crystal clear that distance learning is not an option of getting education for those only who cannot afford physical schools or campuses but it is equally famous among urban people too. It is due to the fact that distance learning offers them various opportunities to polish their skills and get higher degrees needed to move on to the higher designations. They can move on to the higher post without leaving their current job and are able to carry on their studies without quitting their jobs. In addition to this, most of the course or programs available in distance learning are related to current industry, so these courses prove highly beneficial with simple method of taking admissions into these courses no matter where you are.

Dont Hate the Kandy Kid :: essays research papers

What is it about kandy kids that everyone finds so annoying? Like a lot of people, when I was first introduced to the scene I chose to be kandy. I found these cute, fuzzy, happy kids to be the greatest people ever. While I felt like everyone else was angry at me for being a new "raver", these kids were more than happy to welcome me with a smile and a hug. How could I NOT want to be like them? I was terrified of my first party; the loud music, the mean looking people always bumping into you, and let's not forget the bathrooms! Then I got my first bracelet yes, my first piece of kandy. Almost every kandy kid still has it! I loved the idea that someone had made this bracelet so that the person they gave it to would always remember them. I felt as though someone actually wanted me to be at that party. After that, I went home and started beading. Sure, I started out with a few bracelets, but soon I was cruising to parties with a minimum of 80 up my arms! I had the colorful outfit, beads everywhere, and the friendly attitude. I learned to "nordictrack" or "chopstick" with the best of them, I bumped Trance in my car 24/7, and I partied every weekend. I could not get enough of these people. I learned neat little light tricks for all the e-tards, and made it my goal to improve the night for as many people as possible. This is what raving was all about for me. I could be happy doing this forever. I didn't understand then, and I still don't now.why do people hate kandy kids? What's not to love about these people? Here you have groups of kids that not only preach the rave motto P.L.U.R., but also practice it. They spend hours making bracelets for other people just so they can spread the love. They come to parties with the best attitudes, the brightest smiles, and the brightest clothes, just so they can make other people happy. If they see someone that's down, they cheer them up. If someone isn't having a good time at a party, they'll be the first ones to try and make it better. If they see someone rolling, they'll be the first to give you a hug! Yet people still dislike us.

Concepts of Social Responsibility Essay

Business organizations today are socially and ethically responsible for doing the right thing, exercising good judgment in their business activities with employees, stakeholders, customers and the community. Business organizations emphasis should not only be on profits, but also on how business decisions impact society. Company Q is a small grocery store chain located in a major metropolitan area. This company will be evaluated on its attitude towards social responsibility. Also, recommendations will be given in three areas indicating how the company could improve its position regarding social responsibility. First of all, Company Q’s decision to close stores in high crime areas will have an adverse effect on the communities where they conduct business, leading to disruption and hardship in the lives of many. This definitely demonstrates an irresponsible attitude toward social responsibility. In terms of social responsibility, Company Q could help enrich the lives of families in need by supporting local community centers. Community centers play an important role in addressing the comprehensive needs of individuals and families by providing a wide range of resources that are most needed. Moreover, a responsible business could initiate programs to help disadvantaged youths and adults in the community, build employable works skills and connect them to career opportunities. Without question, the more job opportunities and employability of the citizens in that community the lower the crime rate would be. Finally, if Company Q is to be socially responsible, it must not only be committed to making a profit, but also to the economic development of the community where it does business (Ravindran, N. 2008). Secondarily, Company Q’s reluctance to offer health conscience customers a wide range of organic and healthy foods because the products are considered high margin items, is socially irresponsible and bad for business. A growing number of consumers favor organic foods, claiming that it tastes better and is healthier. Why organic? Organic foods grown naturally in well-balanced soils, ripened by the sun are healthier and tastier than products with synthetic chemicals and growth hormones. Moreover, the growing number of conscience consumers was highlighted in a recent Bursen-Marsteller report; â€Å"people will more likely choose a product that supports a social cause when choosing between otherwise similar products† (Penn, Schoen & Berland, 2010). These average consumers daily decisions are slowly but surely being influenced by social concern and responsibility. Finally, the critical issue for Company Q is the social responsibility to its customers, who looks to business to provide them with satisfying, safe products and respect their rights as customer. Lastly, Company Q decides to throw away food products, instead of donating it to the local food bank. Sadly, this behavior demonstrates a concern for profits before people attitude, which is socially irresponsible. Businesses can no longer ignore social issues because a business is a part of our society. For Company Q to become more socially responsible its sole objective must not only be to make a profit. But include concerns and responsibilities to the general welfare of the communities and societies in which they operate. Moreover, businesses should simply want to make their communities better places for everyone to live and work. The most common way that businesses exercise their community responsibility is through donations to local and national charitable organizations. Doing simple things like contributing to local food banks, may not be enough to change the world for everyone, but does alleviate some of social ills that abound in local communities.

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Foucault - Power/Knowledge - 2372 Words

Foucault’s theorisation of the power/knowledge relationship Foucault in theorizing the relationship between power and knowledge basically focused on how power operated in the institutions and in its techniques. The point is how power was supported by knowledge in the functioning of institutions of punishment. â€Å"He places the body at the centre of the struggles between different formations of power/knowledge. The techniques of regulation are applied to the body† (Wheterell et al., 2001: 78) Power is the ability to control others or one’s entity. Accordingly it can be defined as a kind of strength or as an authority. There are various theorisations about the meaning of this term in sociology thus it would be hard to give a comprehensive†¦show more content†¦When plague turned up the old system followed the then methods of observation and surveillance, plague was everywhere thus the supporting power must have been mobilized. In this case â€Å"power is mobilized; it makes itself everywhere present and visible; it invents new mechanism; it separates; it immobilizes† etc. to make people act as it was expected in these conditions (because of the plague almost every interactions must have been stopped in the interest of getting rid of the disease). (Foucault, 1975) The Panopticon instead of exercising power from several sides emphasises the importance and perfection of the surveillance focus from one place. The Panopticon is a building which has an annual part in the periphery and a tower in the centre. Next to omitting little details its most important feature is the ability to see into every cells without being visible. â€Å"The panoptic mechanism arranges spatial unities that make it possible to see constantly and to recognize immediately.† (Calhoun et al., 2007: 209) The consciousness of being watched make people put on their best behaviour, their best way of acting thus the inmates do not commit any further crimes as it usually occurs that could happen without being watched. The operation of this building gives theShow MoreRelatedFoucault s Theory Of Individual Power And Knowledge1596 Words   |  7 PagesTheory of Individual Power and Knowledge have allowed one to see the other side of arguments with more posing questions. Domestic Violence is now resulting in a spouse being labeled with the brand of â€Å"battered woman’s syndrome† and it opens the door for a many unanswered questions, and is debatable at best. In the case of Francine Hughes Wilson, â€Å"The Burning Bed† shed new light on the ever growing problems within a domestic abusive relationship and gave way to social change, knowledge and empowermentRead MoreA Few Ways That Foucault s Conceptualization Of Bio Power And Of Disciplinary Knowledge And Practices976 Words   |  4 PagesThere are a few ways that Foucault’s conceptualization of bio-power and of disciplinary knowledge and practices may be evident in college settings. One example of bio-power in a colle ge setting might be birth control and sex education at my university. Another example of bio-power in our colleges is a requirement of a health credit, such as basic health or physical education, in order to graduate. Like bio-power, disciplinary knowledge and practices are used in our university and other community collegesRead MoreThe Philosophical Methodology of Geneaology1395 Words   |  6 Pagesevents. 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Through his impressive career Foucault became known for his many demonstrative arguments that power depends not on material relations or authority but instead primarily on discursive networks. The sole purpose of the present research paper is to evaluate the power relationsRead MoreRelationship Between Sex And Power955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, historian, social theorist, philologist and literary critic whose work had a tremendous impact on several disciplines. He was not a sociologist by training, but he worked diligently on sociological issues and otherwise had significant influence on the work of other sociologists. One of his most famous works is the The History of Sexuality, in which he examines the emergence of sexuality as a discursive object and separate sphere of lifeRead More The Introduction to the History of Sexuality by Foucault Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality, Foucault explains how during the 19th century with the raise of new societies, the discourse or knowledge about sex was not confronted with repulsion but it â€Å"put into operation an entire machinery for producing true discourses concerning sex† (Foucault 69). In fact, this spreading of discourse on sexuality itself gives a clear account of how sexuality has been controlled and confined bec ause it was determined in a certain kind of knowledge that carries power within it. Foucault reflectsRead MoreGramscis And Foucaults Notions of Power1471 Words   |  6 PagesPower is a concept that is at the core of issues regarding social stratification (Scott Marshall, 2009). Therefore there have been many debates regarding what this concept of power actually means. For Gramsci, power needs to be considered legitimate by those who are subject to it, and the legitimacy of power is gained through the manipulation of social norms (Scott Marshall, 2009). This manipulation of social norms, links to Gramsci’s notion of ideological hegemony. Gramsci uses hegemony to showRead MoreSocial Order (Foucault and Goffman)1463 Words   |  6 Pagesas among various individuals. In any society, people must acquire knowledge of how to relate to one another and their environment. Order is then established by a normalisation and standardisation of this knowledge. This essay will examine tw o views on social order, applied to social sciences, and embodied in everyday life. It will compare and contrast a Canadian sociologist, Erving Goffman, and a French philosopher, Michel Foucault. Through an analysis of these two figures, the text will present differentRead More Panopticism Essay753 Words   |  4 PagesIn his essay â€Å"Panopticism,† Michel Foucault introduces the Panopticon structure as proof of modern society tending toward efficient disciplinary mechanisms. Starting with his example of the strict, intensely organized measures that are taken in a typical 17th-century plague-stricken town, Foucault describes how the town employed constant surveillance techniques, centralized a hierarchy of authorities to survey households, partitioned individual structures to impose certain behavior, and record currentRead MoreThe Theory Of Knowledge And Power1131 Words   |  5 PagesPost-Foucauldian theory of knowledge and power, knowledge has been used as a synonym fo r power. In 21st century they are considered as two sides of the same coin. Power gives an individual the ability to make others obey in a social relationship irrespective of the basis. As per Foucault power is not only brutal physical force rather an invisible form of network that operates. At times, the operator has no knowledge of this invisible power which controls others. Similarly, knowledge is defined as a belief

The Moral Code Utilitarianism And Rule Utilitarianism

One of the most important parts of being a functioning human being in society is the ability to make ethical decisions. Although most humans have similar ethical beliefs there are still many differences between each person. These differences can be influenced and affected by a person s upbringing, religion, and overall social interactions. When analyzing a person s ethical beliefs, we can see a combination of different ethical systems working in tandem to make up one complete ethical code. We can define this mix of different systems as a person s satisfactory moral code. Through learning different ethical systems, I have found that my own satisfactory moral code is largely comprised of utilitarian beliefs with the inclusion of radical virtue ethics. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll The first, main part of my satisfactory moral code is utilitarianism which is an ethical system that focuses on overall utility or happiness in a group. There are two main types of Utilitarianism; Act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll Act utilitarianism is an ethical system that defines right and wrong by looking at individual actions and seeing how much happiness these actions produce within the group. Right is defined as creating the most overall utility or happiness and wrong is defined as the latter. Although on the surface it seems right to look at overall happiness there are still flaws in this system. OneShow MoreRelatedEvaluation of a Business Code of Ethics Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesFirst Energy and the Business Code of Ethics PHL/323 March 7, 2011 First Energy and the Business Code of Ethics First Energy prides itself on the ethical standards it has created. These standards are the basis that builds upon the trust between customers, shareholders, employees, and the surrounding communities. First Energy encompasses more than five states and supplies millions of customers. As a service company, First Energy expects its employees to adhere to a workplace free of harassmentRead MoreUtilitarianism : A Ethical Theory1381 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism is a normative theory that describes how one ought to act by evaluating the consequences of actions, thus utilitarianism is a breed of consequentialism. Consequences determine whether an act is right or wrong, so one ought to act to produce the best results. The best result is the one that maximizes utility, or produces the largest amount of good. Utilitarians define good as pleasure or happiness, since it is the only thing that is intrinsically good. This is not to say that utilitariansRead MoreJames Liang And The Vo lkswagen Emission Scandal Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pageseven further. The entirety of the scandal eventually came into the public spotlight in 2015 (Guess, 2016, p.1). 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Big Issues Facing HR in Hospitality Industry

Question: Describe about the Big Issues Facing HR in Hospitality Industry. Answer: The primary objective of service industry such as hospitality sector is to recover the economic growth of the country. The service sectors in Australia have contributed to the economic recovery in the country and it has been emphasized that this industry has a lot of potential in terms of growth, productivity and regional competitiveness (Baum, 2015). However, industry analysts have confirmed that despite the growing nature of the industry, the statistical figures are varying on hiring the employees and several other issues are facing by the human resource sector. Several businesses in Australia, both the large and the small ones have severe difficulties in understanding the obligations facing in the human resources and employee retention. A recent article in The HR Magazine by Jen Schramm from the Society for Human resource Management, discusses the major issues faced by the human resource sector. This essay aims to discuss the three most important HR problems in terms of hospitalit y industry. Several studies have shown that the hospitality industry needs appropriate and skilled employees. According to Nickson (2013), not only numeracy and literacy, hospitality demands more aesthetic labor, which means the required skills in order to behave in a proper way as the job requires, although there have been less researches conducted regarding the value of human resources in the hospitality industry. Since the 1970s, tourism and hospitality industry has emerged to be a significant one for Australian economy. Increases in the international tourism also resulted in a considerable growth in hotels and other related infrastructure and thus this industry has become one of the major employers of human resources. Hospitality industry is a labor intensive industry and around the globe this industry is facing a high level employee turnover and the companies are finding it difficult to retain their employees (Randhawa et al., 2016). Attracting and retaining the quality employees have been a great challenge for this industry and in an obvious way Australia is no exception. The employee turnover rate has a huge cost ramification as well. In a recent study, it was shown that over the last decade added pressure have been found on the hotel returns. The hospitality industry is expected to perform well financially; however, profitability has not been that much strong in the field yet (Boella Goss-Turner, 2013). In this kind of financial situation, the labor utilization has become more critical and the expenditure of human capital for the unnecessary turnover became even more significant. There is always significant link between the organizational transaction cost and the employee turnover, which has been addressed in many researches so far and that link also attempts to define the employee relations and business outcome. In other words, involuntary or voluntary turnover of existing employees has a huge cost to the companies that involves advertising, recruiting, training, development program and the quality of the organization (Solnet, Kralj Baum, 2015). Therefore, it is not only the significant tangible cost, but also the intangible cost associated with it including the loss of efficient employees and replacement costs. Researchers found that the lost investment in the training and development is the perfect instance of turnover and opportunity costs. Several studies have pointed out that employee turnover costs are also associated with the organizational behavior and other factors such as role conflict, less job satisfaction, lack of motivation, corrosive leadership, lack of development in the career and these have a great impact on the productivity and the quality service in the hospitality industry (Stone et al., 2015). Employee turnover results in lack in productivity and may account for two thirds of turnover cost. Therefore reduction in the employee turnover might be helpful in reducing the hotel costs and also improving the labor productivity. However, managing and accounting for employee turnover remains a problematical question for the hospitality industry and thereby adding the burden and turnover costs. However, there might be few strategies that can be applicable in order to achieve an improved situation in the industry. As many studies have pointed out the human resources accountability structure continue staying weak if the HR department of a certain organization keep on baring the cost of the turnover and there will be no department that can minimize that (Mok, Sparks Kadampully, 2013). It is also pointed out in several researches that they employee turnover is an artificially manufactured culture in the hospitality industry to meet the accepted yet vague organizational objectives. All these researches highlight the fact that hospitality industry has faced a huge labor retention problem. However, a timely examination into the turnover costs is very much essential in understanding the impact on the hospitality industry and a enviable turnover rate might be achieved through effective human resource management strategies. Human resources industry is always seen as a non innovative genre where the decisions regarding salary are made and team building sessions get organized. However, this industry is changing in a rapid manner and incorporating technology. The hospitality industry, in fact, has a dynamic environment and a place for continuous movement and development (Hoque, 2013). Throughout last few decades the industry has witnessed several changes at unprecedented pace through the use of technology. There are varieties of tools that can help the organizations to ensure the satisfaction of the guests. In a recent study, it was identified that human capital has faced several challenges in the modern age regarding the employee engagement, competitive compensation, developing organizational leaders and employee retention. These challenges have sparkled innovative ideas in the human resource sector across the globe. It is already seen that social media is being used for several recruitment and many impor tant organizations have turned their channels to identify the appropriate candidates. The virtual world has been continued to be matured and found its way into the professional environment. The popularity of social networking sites have changed radically as well. In the hospitality industry the guests now have an opportunity to share their experience to others, also can exchange significant information about their stay, hotel amenities and others (Wirtz Lovelock, 2016). These networking sites also allow the visitors to rate their services and review their experience online. These reviews tend to have a large impact on the future potential guests when they try to research online before making decisions about their travels. According to a recent study, a huge percentage of travelers feel confident with their decisions while they read good reviews online. Therefore technology has a huge impact on the human resource sector as well. As the virtual reality have been a matured one now, many companies have started releasing their products online and in terms of hospitality it is also true, as it can be seen in the previous discussion. This kind technology has prepared for disrupting the talent management and the productivity, as the potential of the virtual reality can be envisioned and the employees can use for any requirements from assignment to corporate trainings (Marler Parry, 2016). Furthermore, the digital involvement of the employees will increase more and in several situations the training and development procedures can be done virtually as well. Another important impact of modern technology in the hospitality industry is the advance learning about machines. There are automated data analyses through algorithms and other programs can be done. These allow the machines to collect several information from the corporate environments and improve the human resource depart of a certain organization (Robinson et al., 2014). These technological developments can improve the efficiency of the analysis done on the initial level and allow the HR professionals to look for the higher results. The machine learning application in the hospitality industry is primarily focused on the talent relationship and predictive analysis, mostly used in the recruitment process. Studies also show that several organizations will soon adopt the cloud computing technology for data access and human resource sector is expected to be ahead of that curve and will spend more on utilizing the cloud solutions to increase the productivity of their workforce rather than other sectors in the hospitality industry. Increasing of these tools will be available with much information and that will make the HR professionals shift to the business performance and execution, as it will free up the human resource departs from the training and development (Deery Jago, 2015). The time consuming jobs like preferences of the employees, work patterns will start being automated with the help of this technology and the human resource professionals could focus of more engaging challenges that will increase the productivity of the company. However, this development of technology can increase a level of insecurity in the professionals as they might face some risks as well. Another HR issue that is faced by the developing hospitality sector is the importance of big data. Big data is the torrent of information in details about the consumers and the employees, which now have begun through the hospitality human resources and allow the managers to connect the HR policies with the corporate financial outcomes (Ramos et al., 2017). Hospitality organizations have gradually started addressing both the challenges and the possibilities of big data. Additionally, in dealing with the huge volume of information, the organizations should cope with the variety and the velocity of the information while they can also make sure that there has been an ethical application of the gathered information. There are four primary attributes of the type of big human resource data and a framework has been developed regarding the nature of the data. These four primary attributes are velocity, volume, veracity and variety (Xiang et al., 2015). It is stated by several professionals that the companies have a huge data that points for all the individuals in their use. The primary levels of this information are the employees and the applicants and the former employees, but some companies also obtain and analyze the information in the transaction level. In addition to that, the managing of volume can be very much tricky for the information technology constraint. The veracity of the information is a prominent concern. While most of the HR professional using this technology are confident about the HR metrics, many are concerned about the quality of the HR data. There is also a substantial variance in the big HR data that is collected by the companies (Xiang et al., 2015). For instance it can be sa id that for the recruitment process the data not only includes demographic information about the potential candidates, but also the specific channels to be used by the applicants to apply for the specific job, interviews and other related information. Other than the three previous aspects of big data, there also lies another component, velocity that concerns with the incredible speed of the compilation of the data. The organizations using big data entirely rely on the provided information and consider it to the accurate one. The companies in the hospitality industry that use the big HR data consider the main objective to gather and examine the data o enhance their business performance and other functional operations. At the end they can also use the varied data mining process to examine the sources of the data as well. The primary challenge for the hospitality industry is that the variance factor is very much common in the industry. Therefore it is important to differentiate between the practical and statistical significance of the data (Supanti, Butcher Fredline, 2015). In future the hospitality industry need a more purposeful approach to the data analysis process and the function specific activities are important to understand, especially how they are related. In conclusion it can be said that the complex and rapid changing environment in the hospitality industry might be very much challenging for any human resource professional. However, at the same time the growing technology and other advancements are enhancing the growth of the industry itself. It is not necessary for any profession to expertise each and every thing in the industry, but a deep insight into the issues might give the professional a lot help. In order to overcome all the problems the professionals need to overcome their personal anxiety and fear because at the end of the day the industry will be improved. Reference List Baum, T. (2015). Human resources in tourism: Still waiting for change?A 2015 reprise.Tourism Management,50, 204-212. Baum, T. (Ed.). 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